Cancer

Anthocyanins are promising Cancer figthers

The most biological anthocyanins, Cyanidin and Delphinidin, but also to a certain degree Pelargonidin,
Petunidin and Malvidin proves to inhibit growth and spread  of the following cancer cells:
AGS(stomach), HCT116(colon), MCF-7(breast), SF-268 (central nerve system), HL60(leuchemia),    
NCI-H460(lung), TVM-A12(Melanoma skin) and (U-87)Glioblastoma.

Biolink Group has syntheziced Cyanidin-3-G and Delphinidin-3-G for medical applications
 
Scientific researchers have provided evidence for potential health effects in anthocyanins against aging and neurological
diseases, cancer, diabetes, bacterial infections, inflammation and even quite a few other diseases.
Cancer research on anthocyanins has increased significantly  the latest years. In animal studies anthocyanins
has proven to inhibit chemically induced cancer of the rat esophagus by 30-60%,  and of the colon cancer by up
to 80%.

Effective at both the initiation and promotion/progression stages of tumor development, anthocyanins
have become a research tool and a promising therapeutic source.
Among the most efficient anthocyanins to inhibit cancer cells are Delphinidin-3-G and Cyanidin-3-G.
Work on laboratory cancer models has shown that anthocyanins inhibit promotion and progression of
tumor cells by:

1. Stalling growth of pre-malignant cells, counteracting growth factors and MMP-2 and 9

2. Accelerating the rate of cell turnover, called apoptosis, very effectively making the cancer
 cells die faster
 
3. Reducing inflammatory mediators that initiate tumor onset (NF-kB...)
 
4. Inhibiting growth of new blood vessels that nourish tumors, a process called angiogenesis.
.
5. Minimizing cancer-induced DNA damage.
 
6. Generating a synergic effects with Glutathione, extremely efficient redusing oxidative stress,
 and thereby reducing the effects of HIF-1α

7. Dramatically redusing the COX-2 protective effect of the cancer cells

8. Quite a few other unique effects
 
On a molecular level, anthocyanins were shown to turn off genes involved with proliferation, apoptosis,
inflammation and angiogenesis. In 2007, several approved studies are underway to examine anti-cancer
effects of anthocyanins on tumors in the esophagus, prostate and colon[.

In December 2004 a peer-reviewed study at Michigan State University published by the American Chemical
Society noted that anthocyanins could boost insulin production by up to 50%. In 2005, an article
published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology demonstrated for the first time the biosynthesis
of anthocyanins in bacteria.

In 2007 a study at the University of Pittsburgh discovered that anthocyanins kills human cancer cells
while not affecting healthy cells. At low doses of cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C-3-R), half of the cancer
cells in all lines of the test human leukemia and lymphoma cells died witin 18 hours. When the amount
of C-3-R was more than doubled, all of the cancer cells died within 18 hours. The mechanism seems to be
that cancereous cells respond to C-3-R by releasing peroxides which kill the cancer cells. Normal cells
do not release peroxides when C-3-R is administered.

Clinical cancer study at Summa Health Center, Ohio, USA

Since 2006, a mix of the synthetic Anthocyanins BSC 3-G and BSD 3-G, synthesized by Biolink Group,
and as time goes, becoming available in steadily increasing volumes, have been tested for their cancer
fighting potential at Summa Health Center, Ohio, USA.
 
The studies are performed in vitro on cell lines from human beings. The studies  involve cell lines from
Prostate Cancer, Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer and Bladder Cancer.

In this project, scientists are primarily concentrating on the potential effects of the Biolink Group`s
BSC/BSD anthocyanin mix verses Apoptosis, Necroses and Autoschises

Biolink anthocyanin molecules (Anthocyanin Standards from Biolink/Polyphenols) ) enhance the effect of 5-FU.

The toxicities associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a potent broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent,
can not only affect the morbidity and the efficacy of chemotherapy but also limit its clinical use.
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of a commercial anthocyanin-rich extract from
bilberry (AREB) against 5-FU-induced myelotoxicity in vivo, and against chemosensitivity to 5-FU in vitro.
A single injection of 5-FU at 200 mg/kg induced severe peripheral erythrocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and
eucopenia as well as hypocellularity of the spleen and bone marrow in C57BL/6 mice. Oral administration of
500 mg/kg of AREB for 10 days significantly increased the number of red blood cells, neutrophils, and
monocytes in peripheral blood to 1.2-fold, 9-fold, and 6-fold, respectively, compared with those seen after
treatment with 5-FU alone (p< 0.05-0.001). The hypocellularity of the spleen and bone marrow caused by 5-FU
was also distinctly alleviated in the AREB-treated group. Furthermore, AREB treatment with 50 and 100 mug/ml
as a monomeric anthocyanin did not interfere with, but rather enhanced the chemotherapeutic efficacy of
5-FU in vitro. These results suggest that AREB may have protective potential against 5-FU-induced myelotoxiciy
 and/or the ability to enhance the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of 5-FU.

Keywords: induced, chemotherapeutic, treatment with, bone marrow

Authored by Choi EH, Ok HE, Yoon Y, Magnuson BA, Kim MK, Chun HS. Food Safety Research Division,
Korea Food Research Institute, San 46-1, Backhyun, Bundang-gu, Sungnam, Kyonggi-do, 463-746, Republic of Korea.

Published in Biofactors. 2007;29(1):55-65.

Synthetical Biolink anthocyanins are being clinically studied at Summa Health Center, Ohio, USA.